英语学习过程中,从句结构的省略规则是**提分利器**。__掌握省略,不只是写作地道的关键,更是语法灵活运用的重要体现__。本篇文案将围绕英语从句的省略,系统讲解何时可以省略、何时绝不能省略,**用大量实例、对比与表格,全方位帮助你吃透这个知识点**。
__“会省略,让你的英语表达更高级、更地道。”__
| 从句类型 | 常见的可省略部分 | 必须保留的情形 |
|---|---|---|
| 定语从句 | 关系代词(作宾语时):that, which, who | 做主语或介词后作宾语,不能省 |
| 状语从句 | 主语和be动词,可省略 (条件状语、时间状语) |
主语与主句不一致时不能省 |
| 名词性从句 | 极少省略,偶有that引导词省略 | that引导语法主语/宾语不可省露 |
| 非谓语(省略式) | 主语与主句一致时可省被动/现在分词主语 | 主语意义不同必须保留 |
关系代词做宾语时可省,做主语/介词宾语时不可省。
| 原句 | He is the man who I met yesterday. |
| 省略后 | He is the man I met yesterday. |
who(宾语)被省略,句意不变。
| 原句 | Here is a book which is interesting. |
| 省略? | 不可省略!否则主语缺失。 |
which是主语,必须保留。
当从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句含有be动词时,可省主语和be动词,留用分词结构。
| 原句 | When he was a child, he liked drawing. |
| 省略后 | When a child, he liked drawing. |
此时he与主句主语一致。
that引导的宾语从句中,有时that可以省略(常见于口语、非正式文体),主语从句通常不可省。
| 原句 | I think that you are right. |
| 省略后 | I think you are right. |
宾语从句可省that。
当名词性从句作主语或强调句焦点时——如:“__That he lied__ is obvious.”,此时that必须保留。
主语与主句一致时,分词结构可省略主语。
| 原句 | When I finished my homework, I went out. |
| 省略后 | Finishing my homework, I went out. |
“I”与主句一致,主语可省。
主从句主语不一致时,分词结构不可省主语,否则句意错乱。
| 句型 | 完整形式 | 省略形式 | 省略原因 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 定语从句 | This is the bag which I bought. | This is the bag I bought. | which作宾语可省 |
| 状语从句 | After he finished dinner, he left. | After finishing dinner, he left. | 主语一致+分词结构 |
| 名词性从句 | I believe that she will come. | I believe she will come. | that可省作宾语 |
| 非谓语结构 | Because he was tired, he went home. | Tired, he went home. | 省略状语从句主语+be |
| 主语不同 | When the teacher entered, students stood up. | 不可省 | 主语不同,不能省 |