反身代词(Reflexive Pronouns)是英语中一类特殊的代词,用于表示动作的承受者是动作执行者本身。正确使用反身代词,是英语表达准确性和地道性的重要标志。
反身代词由人称代词的所有格(如my-)或宾格(如him-)加上-self(单数)或-selves(复数)构成。
| 人称 | 单数 | 复数 |
|---|---|---|
| 第一人称 | myself | ourselves |
| 第二人称 | yourself | yourselves |
| 第三人称 | himself, herself, itself | themselves |
⚠️ 特别注意:hisself、theirselves 是错误形式,正确的应为 himself 和 themselves。
这是反身代词最核心的用法。当句子的主语和宾语是同一人或物时,宾语必须使用反身代词。
例句1: She taught herself how to play the piano.
解析: “教”这个动作的发出者和承受者都是“She”,所以要用反身代词 herself。
例句2: The cat is washing itself.
解析: 猫自己在给自己清洗。
例句3: We enjoyed ourselves at the party last night.
解析: 我们(自己)在派对上玩得很开心。
当介词后的宾语与主语指代同一对象时,也需使用反身代词。
例句1: He was talking to himself.
解析: “to”是介词,他和“自己”说话,所以用 himself。
例句2: Don't worry about me. I can take care of myself.
解析: 第一个about后是me(宾格),因为主语是“你”(省略)。第二个of后是myself,因为主语是“I”,宾语是“我自己”。
例句3: They cooked the dinner by themselves.
解析: 介词by后接themselves,表示“他们亲自”做饭。
此时反身代词通常放在主语或宾语之后(甚至句末),意为“亲自”、“本身”。如果去掉,句子意思仍然完整,只是语气减弱。
例句1: I myself saw him do it. / I saw him do it myself.
解析: 强调是“我亲眼”所见。
例句2: The manager himself welcomed us at the door.
解析: 强调是经理“亲自”在门口欢迎我们。
例句3: The house itself is beautiful, but the garden is small.
解析: 强调“房子本身”很漂亮。
许多动词和反身代词形成了固定搭配,需要整体记忆。
| 固定搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| avail oneself of | 利用 | You should avail yourself of this opportunity. |
| pride oneself on | 为...感到自豪 | He prides himself on his cooking skills. |
| apply oneself to | 致力于 | She applied herself to her studies. |
| behave oneself | 守规矩 | Children, please behave yourselves. |
| find oneself | (不知不觉中)发现自己处于 | He found himself in a difficult situation. |
这是最常犯的错误。记住:只有主语和宾语指代同一对象时,才用反身代词。
| ❌ 错误例句 | ✅ 正确例句 | 解析 |
|---|---|---|
| My friend and myself went shopping. | My friend and I went shopping. | “Myself”不能作主语。这里是复合主语,应用主格“I”。 |
| He gave the book to John and myself. | He gave the book to John and me. | 介词“to”的宾语是“John and me”,主语是“He”,并非同一人,所以用宾格“me”。 |
| She looked at her in the mirror. | She looked at herself in the mirror. | “看”的发出者和承受者都是“She”,所以必须用反身代词“herself”。用“her”则指代另一个女人。 |
by oneself = alone(独自) / without help(独立地)
例句1: The little girl can dress by herself.
解析: 小女孩可以自己穿衣服(不需要帮助)。
例句2: I live by myself in a small apartment.
解析: 我一个人住在一个小公寓里(独自居住)。
掌握反身代词的关键在于理解其核心逻辑:动作的“回射”。每当你要使用反身代词时,先问自己:“这个句子的主语和宾语指的是同一个人或物吗?”
试着翻译以下句子,检查你的学习成果:
参考答案:
1. Please don't blame yourself.
2. The manager himself dealt with the problem.
3. Children, you must do your homework yourselves.
4. The old castle itself is a museum.
5. He fixed the car by himself.
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